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Should girls be ‘controlled’? Opinions among young boys and parents in Bihar

The practice of child marriage among girls continues to be common in Bihar. In this note, Priyadarshini, Joshi and Bhattacharya present findings from their survey of boys and parents, wherein they construct an index for the “tendency to control women and girls’ sexuality and assertion of choice...

  • Notes from the Field

Content Type: Notes from the Field
Topic: Social Identity
Year: 2024

Mahila Samakhya: Women’s education through empowerment

While girls are now at par with boys in school enrolment, they continue to lag behind in terms of the number of years spent in formal education. In this context, this article assesses the impact of the ‘Mahila Samakhya’ programme – which sought to empower women within local communities in rura...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Social Identity
Year: 2024

Women and health in India

This International Women’s Day, I4I Editorial Advisor Nalini Gulati presents a curation of economic research on women’s health in India, encompassing aspects of maternal and child health, gendered access to healthcare, intimate-partner violence, and mental health concerns – and considers the r...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Social Identity
Year: 2024

What ASER 2023 reveals about the gender gap in confidence

The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2023 finds that although gender gaps in school enrolment have fallen over the years, girls still lag behind in terms of access to and use of digital technologies. In this post, Suman Bhattacharjea explores factors such as patterns of social and family con...

  • Notes from the Field

Content Type: Notes from the Field
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2024

All is not well: Unintended consequences of maternity leave policy in India

In 2017, mandated paid maternity leave for women employees in India was increased from 12 weeks to 26 weeks. Analysing data for 160,000 households, this article finds that the policy change caused a fall in employment and income among women in the high-fertility age group. This was driven by a rise ...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Social Identity
Year: 2024

Why is land expensive in India, and what can be done about it?

The price of land in India is high relative to its fundamental value, impacting economic development in the country. In this post, Gurbachan Singh explains why this is so, in terms of two broad factors – the license-permit-quota Raj in urban India, and the Land Acquisition Act, 2013 in rural India...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Urbanisation
Year: 2024

Exploring urban perceptions around freshness of vegetables

With urban Indians increasingly seeking healthy lifestyles, the demand for fresh produce has escalated. In this note, Raj, Purushothaman and Sadashiva discuss findings from their survey in Bengaluru, exploring perceptions around the ‘freshness’ of produce among different consumer groups, and fac...

  • Notes from the Field

Content Type: Notes from the Field
Topic: Agriculture
Year: 2024

A brighter future: Harnessing solar energy in a Jharkhand village

Simdega district in Jharkhand – one of NITI Aayog’s ‘Aspirational Districts’ – comprises small habitations that are not yet connected to grid-based electricity. In this note, Goswami and co-authors discuss how the installation of a solar micro-grid in village Chinjheria created livelihood ...

  • Notes from the Field

Content Type: Notes from the Field
Topic: Productivity & Innovation
Year: 2024

Can safe drinking water improve children’s educational outcomes?

It is well-established that treated water has health benefits, but can it also enhance children’s educational outcomes? Analysing India Human Development Survey data, this article provides evidence in this context – identifying pathways such as decreased incidence of diarrhoea, lesser time spent...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2024

The tribal communities of central India: Challenges and way forward

The ‘Status of Adivasi Livelihoods’ Report has once again brought attention to the dire situation of tribes in central India. Based on a survey of tribal households in Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh, Chaudhuri and Ghosh discuss challenges such as loss of biodiversity and landlessness, poor food ...

  • Notes from the Field

Content Type: Notes from the Field
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2024

16th Finance Commission: Towards vertical and horizontal balance

The recommendations of the recently constituted Sixteenth Finance Commission (FC16) will govern the sharing of revenues between the Union and states during 2026-2031. In this post, Ganguli and Sinha look back on the Fifteenth Finance Commission (FC15) Report, in the context of the mandate to address...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Money & Finance
Year: 2024

How R&D tax credits can drive price competition in Indian industries

In the last few decades, tax credits have been introduced in many developing countries to incentivise investment in research and development (R&D). Looking at the staggered introduction of R&D tax credits across industries, this study finds that increases in tax credits were effective in increasing ...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Productivity & Innovation
Year: 2024