Fighting gender inequality through mobility: Assessing Delhi’s ‘Pink Ticket’ scheme
To address gender inequities in mobility, Delhi launched a fare-free bus travel scheme for women in 2019. Based on a survey of female passengers in the city, Nishant and Archana highlight positive eff...
Nishant .
Archana Singh
04 March, 2025
- Notes from the Field
Pedalling towards gender equality and empowerment
In Bihar, India and in rural Zambia, the government introduced programmes to address gender gaps in education by providing adolescent girls with bicycles for their commute to school. Discussing the im...
Vagisha Pandey
Sahil Pawar
Nishith Prakash
07 March, 2025
- Articles
ASER 2024: More than a post-pandemic recovery in learning
The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2024 reports on children’s schooling status and reading and arithmetic levels from almost all rural districts of India. In this post, Wilima Wadhwa, Dire...
Wilima Wadhwa
12 March, 2025
- Perspectives
Learnings from emissions trade in India
India, and many developing nations in other parts of the world take solace in the U-shaped Kuznets curve: a belief in this inverse relationship between income and environmental quality results in not ...
Michael Greenstone
Anant Sudarshan
20 September, 2022
- Videos
The growing wave of decentralisation: Comparative evidence from developing countries
Over the last few decades, decentralisation has been rapidly spreading in developing countries across the world, with around 35 countries announcing new or deepening decentralisation reforms in recent...
Jean-Paul Faguet
Lakshmi Iyer
Sarmistha Pal
16 November, 2023
- Videos
Managing India’s demographic transition
India’s population is expected to peak at about 1.7 billion in 2064, and while the current median age is only 28, the share of Indians aged 65 and above will go from 7% to 20% in the next 40 years o...
Farzana Afridi
Sonalde Desai
03 July, 2024
- Videos
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The growing burden of state subsidies
Delivery of welfare benefits to citizens by state governments in India often takes the form of subsidies. Analysing budgetary data from seven Indian states for the period between 2018-19 and 2022-23, ...
Kishan Narayan
17 March, 2025
- Articles
Accountability and responsibility
Accountability of public institutions and employees is deemed important for them to function for the common good. In this post, Drèze and Sen argue that accountability is only one aspect of a much br...
Jean Drèze
Amartya Sen
13 March, 2025
- Perspectives
ASER 2024: More than a post-pandemic recovery in learning
The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2024 reports on children’s schooling status and reading and arithmetic levels from almost all rural districts of India. In this post, Wilima Wadhwa, Dire...
Wilima Wadhwa
12 March, 2025
- Perspectives
Female labour force participation: Measurement and data quality
Official data revealed a sharp decline in female labour force participation in India between 2004-05 and 2011-12, despite fast economic growth in the country. Examining the measurement of women’s wo...
Surjit Bhalla
Karan Bhasin
Tirthatanmoy Das
10 March, 2025
- Articles
International Women’s Day 2025: Towards equality and empowerment
Throughout this week, I4I has been sharing some of the latest evidence and ideas around women’s empowerment to mark International Women’s Day 2025. Discover the five-part series, and more about I4...
I4I Team
08 March, 2025
- Symposium
Most Popular
Unique Health Identification and Aadhaar: A case for mandatory linkage
As part of the Digital India initiative, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) issues a Unique Health Identification (UHID) number to each patient, which documents their entire journey in th...
Mudit Kapoor
23 December, 2016
- Perspectives
Land in India: Market price vs. fundamental value
The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Bill, 2015, is focused on protecting the few home buyers who can afford to buy homes but does not address the issue of high land prices, which is a very se...
Gurbachan Singh
29 February, 2016
- Articles
Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: An update
Building on past research, Saswata Ghosh and Pallabi Das estimate the state- and district-level fertility differentials between Hindus and Muslims using data from the latest round of the NFHS. They sh...
Pallabi Das
Saswata Ghosh
18 April, 2023
- Articles
Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: District-level estimates from Census 2011
The 2011 Indian Census data show a higher growth rate of Muslim population compared to the Hindu population. This article provides an in-depth picture of Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials at the di...
Saswata Ghosh
27 March, 2019
- Articles
Land records and titles in India
Land ownership is broadly determined by access to a land title, which protects the rights of the title-holder, and impacts livelihoods, and industrial, economic, and social growth. However, land title...
Prachee Mishra
Roopal Suhag
20 November, 2017
- Perspectives
Symposia
International Women’s Day 2025: Towards equality and empowerment
Throughout this week, I4I has been sharing some of the latest evidence and ideas around women’s empowerment to mark International Women’s Day 2025. Discover the five-part series, and more about I4...
I4I Team
08 March, 2025
Introduction to e-Symposium: Tiger conservation in India
Despite a recent upward trend in tiger populations in India, the tiger remains on the endangered species list. Saving the tiger, therefore, is not a fait accompli but a continuous struggle that must b...
Parikshit Ghosh
31 July, 2024
Ideas@IPF2024 series: Research from NCAER’s India Policy Forum
Every year, National Council of Applied Economic Research hosts the India Policy Forum, a platform where economists and policymakers dissect research ideas for their relevance to public policy. Follo...
Pradip Kumar Bagchi
10 July, 2024
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Agriculture Show this topicHide this topic
Impact of climate change on smallholder dairy farmers in India
A considerable number of agricultural households in India engage in livestock rearing and milk production to supplement their income and improve household nutrition. This article examines how global w...
Amlan Das Gupta
10 February, 2025
- Articles
The agricultural productivity gap: Informality matters
Rajveer Jat
Bharat Ramaswami
20 November, 2024
- Articles
100 million tonnes of cereals are missing… every year
Jean Drèze
Christian Oldiges
05 July, 2024
- Perspectives
The ‘cereal gap’: Looming issues in India’s foodgrain policy
Jean Drèze
Christian Oldiges
18 April, 2024
- Perspectives
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Macroeconomics Show this topicHide this topic
The growing burden of state subsidies
Delivery of welfare benefits to citizens by state governments in India often takes the form of subsidies. Analysing budgetary data from seven Indian states for the period between 2018-19 and 2022-23, ...
Kishan Narayan
17 March, 2025
- Articles
Union Budget 2025-26: Many small measures but lacks big ideas
Rajeswari Sengupta
05 February, 2025
- Perspectives
High public debt in India: 9 stylised facts
Prachi Mishra
Nikhil Patel
20 December, 2024
- Perspectives
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Human Development Show this topicHide this topic
ASER 2024: More than a post-pandemic recovery in learning
The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2024 reports on children’s schooling status and reading and arithmetic levels from almost all rural districts of India. In this post, Wilima Wadhwa, Dire...
Wilima Wadhwa
12 March, 2025
- Perspectives
Pedalling towards gender equality and empowerment
Vagisha Pandey
Sahil Pawar
Nishith Prakash
07 March, 2025
- Articles
Does electrification illuminate women's lives?
Tanu Gupta
Md. Tajuddin Khan
Digvijay S. Negi
05 March, 2025
- Articles
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Social Identity Show this topicHide this topic
Female labour force participation: Measurement and data quality
Official data revealed a sharp decline in female labour force participation in India between 2004-05 and 2011-12, despite fast economic growth in the country. Examining the measurement of women’s wo...
Surjit Bhalla
Karan Bhasin
Tirthatanmoy Das
10 March, 2025
- Articles
Can job ad language help explain the gender gap in the Indian labour market?
Sugat Chaturvedi
Kanika Mahajan
Zahra Siddique
06 March, 2025
- Articles
Fighting gender inequality through mobility: Assessing Delhi’s ‘Pink Ticket’ scheme
Nishant .
Archana Singh
04 March, 2025
- Notes from the Field
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Governance Show this topicHide this topic
Accountability and responsibility
Accountability of public institutions and employees is deemed important for them to function for the common good. In this post, Drèze and Sen argue that accountability is only one aspect of a much br...
Jean Drèze
Amartya Sen
13 March, 2025
- Perspectives
Decentralisation and spatial (mis)allocation of irrigation water
Sabyasachi Das
Souvik Dutta
14 February, 2025
- Articles
The influence of local politicians in the private education market
Muneer Kalliylil
Soham Sahoo
07 February, 2025
- Articles
How immigration policy uncertainty affects labour markets
Ritam Chaurey
Kanika Mahajan
Shekhar Tomar
08 January, 2025
- Articles
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Poverty & Inequality Show this topicHide this topic
Do minimum wages reduce inequality in India?
Wage inequality in India has declined over the past two decades. This article examines the role of rising minimum wages in driving this trend. Exploiting state-level variations in legislative minimum ...
Saloni Khurana
Kanika Mahajan
Kunal Sen
19 February, 2025
- Articles
India’s poverty rate does not measure what you think it does
Joshua Merfeld
Jonathan Morduch
16 December, 2024
- Articles
Poverty is bad – but is vulnerability worse?
Anshuman Kamila
Sagar Wadhwa
25 October, 2024
- Perspectives
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Environment Show this topicHide this topic
Third Ashok Kotwal Memorial Lecture: Voluntary Carbon Markets: Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Economies
The Ashok Kotwal Memorial Lecture was instituted in 2022, in memory of our founding Editor-in-Chief, as an annual lecture on key issues in development. For the third edition on 11 December 2024, Profe...
Rohini Pande
I4I Team
27 January, 2025
- Videos
Does industrial water pollution harm agricultural production?
Nicholas Hagerty
Anshuman Tiwari
02 January, 2025
- Articles
Female legislators and forest conservation
Sutirtha Bandyopadhyay
Naveen Hari
Bipasha Maity
Pranabes Probeshika Dutta
18 November, 2024
- Articles
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Money & Finance Show this topicHide this topic
Do commodity derivatives suspensions rein in food price inflation?
Since December 2021, derivatives trading on seven agricultural commodities remains suspended, driven by concerns over excessive speculation and its potential impact on food prices. This article highli...
Nidhi Aggarwal
Tirtha Chatterjee
Karan Sehgal
27 February, 2025
- Articles
RBI’s costly experiments with the currency
Radhika Pandey
Ila Patnaik
Rajeswari Sengupta
21 February, 2025
- Perspectives
When is corporate debt a threat to macroeconomic stability?
Victoria Ivashina
Şebnem Kalemli-Özcan
Luc Laeven
Karsten Muller
18 October, 2024
- Articles
WazirX: Socialisation of losses and need for financial regulation
Nipuna Varman
10 October, 2024
- Perspectives
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Productivity & Innovation Show this topicHide this topic
Unlocking women’s workforce potential
Despite significant progress in educational attainment and health outcomes, India lags in enabling women’s economic participation, which, in turn, impedes the goal of fast and inclusive economic gro...
Aakash Dev
Ratna Sahay
03 March, 2025
- Articles
Old or new: What’s driving employment growth in formal manufacturing?
Radhicka Kapoor
P.P. Krishnapriya
28 February, 2025
- Articles
Technological advancement and employment changes: Recent trends in India
Aakash Dev
Rajat Kathuria
24 January, 2025
- Perspectives
Feminisation of India’s industrial workforce
Suresh Chand Aggarwal
Bishwanath Goldar
22 January, 2025
- Perspectives
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Urbanisation Show this topicHide this topic
Street vending: Understanding emotional markups and market interactions
Despite the ubiquity of street vending in urban landscapes and its significance as a livelihood choice among the poor, it is challenging to collect comprehensive data on vendors – especially childre...
Ronak Jain
28 October, 2024
- Articles
What are the effects of India’s rapid urbanisation on women’s empowerment?
Gaurav Dhamija
Punarjit Roychowdhury
Binay Shankar
28 March, 2024
- Articles
Why is land expensive in India, and what can be done about it?
Gurbachan Singh
29 February, 2024
- Perspectives
Evidence of illegal fuel use by auto rickshaws in Kolkata
Satyaki Sensarma
21 February, 2023
- Articles
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Trade Show this topicHide this topic
How firms adapt supply chains to climate risk
Amidst growing climate risks, localised weather events such as floods or droughts pose a threat to the links between firms and their suppliers. Using data from India, this article analyses how busines...
Juanma Castro-Vincenzi
Gaurav Khanna
Nicolas Morales
Nitya Pandalai-Nayar
03 February, 2025
- Articles
How the Bangladesh unrest may impact India’s trade
Radhika Pandey
Rachna Sharma
18 September, 2024
- Perspectives
EU’s ‘Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism’: How will it impact trade?
Anandita Gupta
Radhika Pandey
Sanhita Sapatnekar
01 July, 2024
- Perspectives
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Miscellany Show this topicHide this topic
Policy Roundup: Union Budget and “Sabka Vikas”
Following the release of the Economic Survey of India and the Union Budget for 2025-26 – which reflect the official assessment of the state of the Indian economy and the government’s priorities an...
Nalini Gulati
12 February, 2025
- Perspectives
Policy Roundup: 1.5 degree breach, Trump’s America, ASER 2024
Nalini Gulati
31 January, 2025
- Perspectives