21 March, 2025ASER 2024: More than a post-pandemic recovery in learning
The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2024 reports on children’s schooling status and reading and arithmetic levels from almost all rural districts of India. In this post, Wilima Wadhwa, Dire...
Wilima Wadhwa 
12 March, 2025
- Perspectives
Accountability and responsibility
Accountability of public institutions and employees is deemed important for them to function for the common good. In this post, Drèze and Sen argue that accountability is only one aspect of a much br...
- Jean Drèze Amartya Sen
- 13 March, 2025
- Perspectives
The growing burden of state subsidies
Delivery of welfare benefits to citizens by state governments in India often takes the form of subsidies. Analysing budgetary data from seven Indian states for the period between 2018-19 and 2022-23, ...
- Kishan Narayan
- 17 March, 2025
- Articles
Learnings from emissions trade in India
India, and many developing nations in other parts of the world take solace in the U-shaped Kuznets curve: a belief in this inverse relationship between income and environmental quality results in not ...
- Michael Greenstone Anant Sudarshan
- 20 September, 2022
- Videos
The growing wave of decentralisation: Comparative evidence from developing countries
Over the last few decades, decentralisation has been rapidly spreading in developing countries across the world, with around 35 countries announcing new or deepening decentralisation reforms in recent...
- Jean-Paul Faguet Lakshmi Iyer Sarmistha Pal
- 16 November, 2023
- Videos
Managing India’s demographic transition
India’s population is expected to peak at about 1.7 billion in 2064, and while the current median age is only 28, the share of Indians aged 65 and above will go from 7% to 20% in the next 40 years o...
- Farzana Afridi Sonalde Desai
- 03 July, 2024
- Videos
Latest
The unintended effect of alcohol prohibition on adolescents’ mental health
Alcohol consumption is typically initiated during adolescence, with long-lasting implications on adult health, economic stability, and well-being. Analysing Bihar’s alcohol ban, this article finds a...
- Khushboo Aggarwal Rashmi Barua Rajdeep Chaudhuri Marian Vidal-Fernandez
- 21 March, 2025
- Articles
How police patrols reduced severe street harassment in India
Street harassment is a pervasive issue, with negative impacts on women’s safety and mobility in urban public spaces. Based on an experiment conducted in collaboration with the Hyderabad City Police,...
- Sofia Amaral Girija Borker Nathan Fiala Anjani Kumar Nishith Prakash Maria Micaela Sviatschi
- 19 March, 2025
- Articles
The growing burden of state subsidies
Delivery of welfare benefits to citizens by state governments in India often takes the form of subsidies. Analysing budgetary data from seven Indian states for the period between 2018-19 and 2022-23, ...
- Kishan Narayan
- 17 March, 2025
- Articles
Accountability and responsibility
Accountability of public institutions and employees is deemed important for them to function for the common good. In this post, Drèze and Sen argue that accountability is only one aspect of a much br...
- Jean Drèze Amartya Sen
- 13 March, 2025
- Perspectives
ASER 2024: More than a post-pandemic recovery in learning
The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2024 reports on children’s schooling status and reading and arithmetic levels from almost all rural districts of India. In this post, Wilima Wadhwa, Dire...
- Wilima Wadhwa
- 12 March, 2025
- Perspectives
Most Popular
Unique Health Identification and Aadhaar: A case for mandatory linkage
As part of the Digital India initiative, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) issues a Unique Health Identification (UHID) number to each patient, which documents their entire journey in th...
- Mudit Kapoor
- 23 December, 2016
- Perspectives
Land in India: Market price vs. fundamental value
The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Bill, 2015, is focused on protecting the few home buyers who can afford to buy homes but does not address the issue of high land prices, which is a very se...
- Gurbachan Singh
- 29 February, 2016
- Articles
Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: An update
Building on past research, Saswata Ghosh and Pallabi Das estimate the state- and district-level fertility differentials between Hindus and Muslims using data from the latest round of the NFHS. They sh...
- Pallabi Das Saswata Ghosh
- 18 April, 2023
- Articles
Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: District-level estimates from Census 2011
The 2011 Indian Census data show a higher growth rate of Muslim population compared to the Hindu population. This article provides an in-depth picture of Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials at the di...
- Saswata Ghosh
- 27 March, 2019
- Articles
Land records and titles in India
Land ownership is broadly determined by access to a land title, which protects the rights of the title-holder, and impacts livelihoods, and industrial, economic, and social growth. However, land title...
- Prachee Mishra Roopal Suhag
- 20 November, 2017
- Perspectives
Symposia
International Women’s Day 2025: Towards equality and empowerment
Throughout this week, I4I has been sharing some of the latest evidence and ideas around women’s empowerment to mark International Women’s Day 2025. Discover the five-part series, and more about I4...
- I4I Team
- 08 March, 2025
Introduction to e-Symposium: Tiger conservation in India
Despite a recent upward trend in tiger populations in India, the tiger remains on the endangered species list. Saving the tiger, therefore, is not a fait accompli but a continuous struggle that must b...
- Parikshit Ghosh
- 31 July, 2024
Ideas@IPF2024 series: Research from NCAER’s India Policy Forum
Every year, National Council of Applied Economic Research hosts the India Policy Forum, a platform where economists and policymakers dissect research ideas for their relevance to public policy. Follo...
- Pradip Kumar Bagchi
- 10 July, 2024
Browse By Topic
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Agriculture Show this topicHide this topic
Impact of climate change on smallholder dairy farmers in India
A considerable number of agricultural households in India engage in livestock rearing and milk production to supplement their income and improve household nutrition. This article examines how global w...
- Amlan Das Gupta
- 10 February, 2025
- Articles
The agricultural productivity gap: Informality matters
- Rajveer Jat Bharat Ramaswami
- 20 November, 2024
- Articles
100 million tonnes of cereals are missing… every year
- Jean Drèze Christian Oldiges
- 05 July, 2024
- Perspectives
The ‘cereal gap’: Looming issues in India’s foodgrain policy
- Jean Drèze Christian Oldiges
- 18 April, 2024
- Perspectives
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Macroeconomics Show this topicHide this topic
The growing burden of state subsidies
Delivery of welfare benefits to citizens by state governments in India often takes the form of subsidies. Analysing budgetary data from seven Indian states for the period between 2018-19 and 2022-23, ...
- Kishan Narayan
- 17 March, 2025
- Articles
Union Budget 2025-26: Many small measures but lacks big ideas
- Rajeswari Sengupta
- 05 February, 2025
- Perspectives
High public debt in India: 9 stylised facts
- Prachi Mishra Nikhil Patel
- 20 December, 2024
- Perspectives
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Human Development Show this topicHide this topic
The unintended effect of alcohol prohibition on adolescents’ mental health
Alcohol consumption is typically initiated during adolescence, with long-lasting implications on adult health, economic stability, and well-being. Analysing Bihar’s alcohol ban, this article finds a...
- Khushboo Aggarwal Rashmi Barua Rajdeep Chaudhuri Marian Vidal-Fernandez
- 21 March, 2025
- Articles
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Social Identity Show this topicHide this topic
Female labour force participation: Measurement and data quality
Official data revealed a sharp decline in female labour force participation in India between 2004-05 and 2011-12, despite fast economic growth in the country. Examining the measurement of women’s wo...
- Surjit Bhalla Karan Bhasin Tirthatanmoy Das
- 10 March, 2025
- Articles
Can job ad language help explain the gender gap in the Indian labour market?
- Sugat Chaturvedi Kanika Mahajan Zahra Siddique
- 06 March, 2025
- Articles
Fighting gender inequality through mobility: Assessing Delhi’s ‘Pink Ticket’ scheme
- Nishant . Archana Singh
- 04 March, 2025
- Notes from the Field
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Governance Show this topicHide this topic
Accountability and responsibility
Accountability of public institutions and employees is deemed important for them to function for the common good. In this post, Drèze and Sen argue that accountability is only one aspect of a much br...
- Jean Drèze Amartya Sen
- 13 March, 2025
- Perspectives
Decentralisation and spatial (mis)allocation of irrigation water
- Sabyasachi Das Souvik Dutta
- 14 February, 2025
- Articles
The influence of local politicians in the private education market
- Muneer Kalliylil Soham Sahoo
- 07 February, 2025
- Articles
How immigration policy uncertainty affects labour markets
- Ritam Chaurey Kanika Mahajan Shekhar Tomar
- 08 January, 2025
- Articles
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Poverty & Inequality Show this topicHide this topic
Do minimum wages reduce inequality in India?
Wage inequality in India has declined over the past two decades. This article examines the role of rising minimum wages in driving this trend. Exploiting state-level variations in legislative minimum ...
- Saloni Khurana Kanika Mahajan Kunal Sen
- 19 February, 2025
- Articles
India’s poverty rate does not measure what you think it does
- Joshua Merfeld Jonathan Morduch
- 16 December, 2024
- Articles
Poverty is bad – but is vulnerability worse?
- Anshuman Kamila Sagar Wadhwa
- 25 October, 2024
- Perspectives
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Environment Show this topicHide this topic
Third Ashok Kotwal Memorial Lecture: Voluntary Carbon Markets: Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Economies
The Ashok Kotwal Memorial Lecture was instituted in 2022, in memory of our founding Editor-in-Chief, as an annual lecture on key issues in development. For the third edition on 11 December 2024, Profe...
- Rohini Pande I4I Team
- 27 January, 2025
- Videos
Does industrial water pollution harm agricultural production?
- Nicholas Hagerty Anshuman Tiwari
- 02 January, 2025
- Articles
Female legislators and forest conservation
- Sutirtha Bandyopadhyay Naveen Hari Bipasha Maity Pranabes Probeshika Dutta
- 18 November, 2024
- Articles
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Money & Finance Show this topicHide this topic
Do commodity derivatives suspensions rein in food price inflation?
Since December 2021, derivatives trading on seven agricultural commodities remains suspended, driven by concerns over excessive speculation and its potential impact on food prices. This article highli...
- Nidhi Aggarwal Tirtha Chatterjee Karan Sehgal
- 27 February, 2025
- Articles
RBI’s costly experiments with the currency
- Radhika Pandey Ila Patnaik Rajeswari Sengupta
- 21 February, 2025
- Perspectives
When is corporate debt a threat to macroeconomic stability?
- Victoria Ivashina Şebnem Kalemli-Özcan Luc Laeven Karsten Muller
- 18 October, 2024
- Articles
WazirX: Socialisation of losses and need for financial regulation
- Nipuna Varman
- 10 October, 2024
- Perspectives
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Productivity & Innovation Show this topicHide this topic
Unlocking women’s workforce potential
Despite significant progress in educational attainment and health outcomes, India lags in enabling women’s economic participation, which, in turn, impedes the goal of fast and inclusive economic gro...
- Aakash Dev Ratna Sahay
- 03 March, 2025
- Articles
Old or new: What’s driving employment growth in formal manufacturing?
- Radhicka Kapoor P.P. Krishnapriya
- 28 February, 2025
- Articles
Technological advancement and employment changes: Recent trends in India
- Aakash Dev Rajat Kathuria
- 24 January, 2025
- Perspectives
Feminisation of India’s industrial workforce
- Suresh Chand Aggarwal Bishwanath Goldar
- 22 January, 2025
- Perspectives
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Urbanisation Show this topicHide this topic
Street vending: Understanding emotional markups and market interactions
Despite the ubiquity of street vending in urban landscapes and its significance as a livelihood choice among the poor, it is challenging to collect comprehensive data on vendors – especially childre...
- Ronak Jain
- 28 October, 2024
- Articles
What are the effects of India’s rapid urbanisation on women’s empowerment?
- Gaurav Dhamija Punarjit Roychowdhury Binay Shankar
- 28 March, 2024
- Articles
Why is land expensive in India, and what can be done about it?
- Gurbachan Singh
- 29 February, 2024
- Perspectives
Evidence of illegal fuel use by auto rickshaws in Kolkata
- Satyaki Sensarma
- 21 February, 2023
- Articles
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Trade Show this topicHide this topic
How firms adapt supply chains to climate risk
Amidst growing climate risks, localised weather events such as floods or droughts pose a threat to the links between firms and their suppliers. Using data from India, this article analyses how busines...
- Juanma Castro-Vincenzi Gaurav Khanna Nicolas Morales Nitya Pandalai-Nayar
- 03 February, 2025
- Articles
How the Bangladesh unrest may impact India’s trade
- Radhika Pandey Rachna Sharma
- 18 September, 2024
- Perspectives
EU’s ‘Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism’: How will it impact trade?
- Anandita Gupta Radhika Pandey Sanhita Sapatnekar
- 01 July, 2024
- Perspectives
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Miscellany Show this topicHide this topic
Policy Roundup: Union Budget and “Sabka Vikas”
Following the release of the Economic Survey of India and the Union Budget for 2025-26 – which reflect the official assessment of the state of the Indian economy and the government’s priorities an...
- Nalini Gulati
- 12 February, 2025
- Perspectives
Policy Roundup: 1.5 degree breach, Trump’s America, ASER 2024
- Nalini Gulati
- 31 January, 2025
- Perspectives
