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Reshaping social protection in India

As India has undergone a transformation in recent decades in terms of trends such as poverty reduction, food security and urbanisation, there is a need to also revamp the traditional social protection architecture. In this post, Ejaz Ghani proposes a four-pillar approach involving a focus on informa...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Governance
Year: 2024

How investing in girls’ education can reduce domestic violence in India

One-third of women in India aged 15-49 report experiencing domestic violence. This article examines the impact of an increase in education among girls due to the District Primary Education Programme – a large-scale school expansion programme – on domestic violence in adulthood. It finds a signif...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2024

Enhancing secondary school learning: Role of remedial camps and teacher flexibility

A key dilemma in Indian education is that while children are enrolled in school, they are not actually learning. Based on an experiment in Odisha, this article explores possible solutions to the learning deficit in secondary schooling. It finds that tailored remedial programmes improve learning and ...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2024

Interim Budget 2024-25: Are we on track to achieve healthcare for all?

The National Health Policy, 2017 set a target of increasing India’s health expenditure to 2.5% of its gross domestic product by 2025. In this post, Sayamsiddha decodes the recently presented Interim Budget, with a spotlight on outlays for health programmes. In her view, the government should compl...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Macroeconomics
Year: 2024

How do private players respond to public entry in pharmaceutical markets?

In 2012, the government of West Bengal outsourced the operation of key public pharmacies to private players – creating fair-price shops for selected generic medicines. How has the private sector responded to this policy intervention? Analysing the impact on prices of different categories of medici...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Productivity & Innovation
Year: 2024

Transforming menstrual hygiene in India

Launched in 2014, the ‘Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram’ seeks to improve menstrual hygiene in India by addressing issues around affordability as well as awareness. In this post, Kanika Dua contends that the programme – combined with enhanced provision of sanitation facilities – helped in...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2024

What are the effects of India’s rapid urbanisation on women’s empowerment?

Women in urban areas, compared to their rural counterparts, are thought to enjoy greater social, economic, and political opportunities and freedoms. At the same time, research shows barriers to women’s empowerment remain widespread in urban environments. Given India’s rapid urbanisation and the ...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Urbanisation
Year: 2024

Budget 2024-25: A countercyclical approach to fiscal policy

Keynes propounded that fiscal policy should be countercyclical in nature – expansionary during recession and contractionary during periods of boom. In this post, Aakanksha Shrawan analyses India’s Interim Union Budget for 2024-25, as well as trends in the discretionary spending component of gove...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Macroeconomics
Year: 2024

Growth, well-being and distribution in the last decade – II

In the first part of this two-part series, Balakrishnan and Parameswaran presented an assessment of the performance of the Indian economy on macroeconomic indicators. In this post, they focus on well-being indicators – including those pertaining to health, sanitation and housing, poverty, and food...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Macroeconomics
Year: 2024

Growth, well-being and distribution in India in the last decade – I

As India gets ready to vote in the general election, Balakrishnan and Parameswaran present a comprehensive, evidence-based review of the performance of the Indian economy over the past decade. In the first of a two-part series, they focus on macroeconomic indicators including growth, investment, une...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Macroeconomics
Year: 2024

Irrationality in financial decisions: A policy proposal

The high valuations of small- and mid-cap stocks in the Indian market seem indicative of irrational exuberance. In this context, Gurbachan Singh discusses the prevailing policy framework to deal with excess volatility in asset prices. Highlighting that the current policy approach fails to address th...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Money & Finance
Year: 2024

How social norms hold women back: A look at recent evidence

In light of India’s low female labour force participation rate, as a follow up to International Women’s Day, I4I Deputy Managing Editor Nikita Mujumdar highlights a selection of economic research on social and household norms in India which have held women back from taking up higher education an...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Social Identity
Year: 2024