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What will it take for the Indian economy to break out of the lower-middle-income bracket?

In 2007, India moved from the low-income to lower-middle-income category, as per the World Bank’s classification of countries by income. With clear aspirations to graduate into the higher brackets of income, what will it take for India to make it? Speaking at the launch event of Ashoka’s Univers...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Macroeconomics
Year: 2024

Reversing the trend: Improving toilet access for better test scores

Poor sanitation is associated with adverse health outcomes among children, which in turn are linked with poor educational outcomes. Leveraging the staggered implementation of ‘Swachh Bharat Mission’ across districts in India during 2014-2018, this article shows that exposure to the programme imp...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2024

Panel discussion: Creating a sustainable growth strategy for India

The previous I4I post presented videos from the first session of the India Sustainable Growth Conference hosted at LSE in May, wherein researchers, policymakers and other stakeholders deliberated on how India can balance its climate and growth objectives. This post features videos from the second se...

  • Events

Content Type: Events
Topic: Environment
Year: 2024

India Sustainable Growth Conference: A recap

India is at the forefront of the global challenge of sustainable growth – adaptation to climate change and mitigation of its adverse effects must take place simultaneously with efforts to alleviate poverty and improve development indicators. The India Sustainable Growth Conference, hosted at LSE i...

  • Events

Content Type: Events
Topic: Environment
Year: 2024

Financing India’s green structural transformation

While India has launched an ambitious green structural transformation programme – with some initial successes to its credit – it is still nascent and there is a need to mobilise more resources. In this post, Ejaz Ghani outlines how global risk pooling, fiscal reforms, public-private partnerships...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Environment
Year: 2024

From numbers to impact: Learning from effective data management in Rajasthan

Access to good data is critical for evidence-based decision-making in policy. In this note, Santhosh and Kapur discuss insights from a study of Rajasthan’s experience with collecting, sharing and using data pertaining to developmental challenges. They make recommendations for improving interoperab...

  • Notes from the Field

Content Type: Notes from the Field
Topic: Governance
Year: 2024

Determining how many Indians are poor today

Poverty debates in India have seen a revival since the release of a fact sheet from the 2022-23 household consumption expenditure survey. In this post, Ghatak and Kumar note that the general consensus among researchers is that extreme poverty is under 5%. However, they contest this by digging deeper...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Poverty & Inequality
Year: 2024

What does Mission Antyodaya data say about rural deprivation?

Public provisioning of basic facilities such as health and education, remains crucial for marginalised populations. In the context of the decentralised structure of governance and fund allocation in India, Guha, Jyotishi and Hatekar assess public provisioning at the disaggregated levels, and the gap...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Governance
Year: 2024

Bringing work home: Flexible work arrangements as ‘gateway jobs’ for women

Millions of women stay out of the workforce despite having a desire for paid work, often because available opportunities are incompatible with traditional norms of household roles. Based on an experiment in West Bengal, this article shows that flexible work arrangements significantly raise women’s...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Productivity & Innovation
Year: 2024

Does rural electrification cause economic development?

The last unelectrified Indian village is now connected to the grid. Given the large investments required for these infrastructure projects, value-for-money is an important consideration. Examining the impact of the Rajiv Gandhi Rural Electrification Programme, which expanded electricity access in 40...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Macroeconomics
Year: 2024

The silent reshaping of India’s credit landscape

India’s credit landscape has been undergoing major changes in recent years. In this post, Sengupta and Vardhan discuss five key trends – consumerisation of bank credit, decline in bank deposits, growth of credit from the bond market, NBFCs re-emerging as important credit institutions, and relati...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Money & Finance
Year: 2024

Policy Roundup: Voting, wealth redistribution, state of health

This post presents our monthly curation of recent developments in the Indian policy landscape – highlighting I4I content pertaining to issues ranging from electronic voting machines, vote-buying, and political dynasties, to the rise of metabolic diseases in the country. We also take a look at the ...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Miscellany
Year: 2024