Clearing the air: Do India’s crop burning bans really work?
In December 2015, the National Green Tribunal instituted a ban on crop residue burning across five states. Utilising satellite data on crop fires and administrative data on fines levied, this article ...
Shefali Khanna
Kanika Mahajan
Sudarshan Ramanujam
14 July, 2025
- Articles
How Atal Pension Yojana is helping Indians save for retirement
Government of India’s contributory pension scheme, Atal Pension Yojana, encourages citizens to save for retirement. This study finds that APY not only provides a basic pension, but also promotes bro...
Debasis Rooj
Reshmi Sengupta
11 July, 2025
- Articles
Trends in India’s regional export diversification
The recent disruptions in global trade point to the emergence of a ‘new normal’, where flows of goods are vulnerable to factors such as conflicts, uncertain tariffs, and export restrictions. In th...
Sharmila Kantha
04 July, 2025
- Perspectives
Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
Maitreesh Ghatak
Karthik Muralidharan
05 May, 2025
- Videos
Tracking learning outcomes: ASER’s work through the pandemic
With the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic and the associated lockdowns, schools quickly pivoted to online learning. However, there was limited information about whether children had access to learning m...
Rukmini Banerji
Wilima Wadhwa
31 October, 2022
- Videos
The growing wave of decentralisation: Comparative evidence from developing countries
Over the last few decades, decentralisation has been rapidly spreading in developing countries across the world, with around 35 countries announcing new or deepening decentralisation reforms in recent...
Jean-Paul Faguet
Lakshmi Iyer
Sarmistha Pal
16 November, 2023
- Videos
Latest
Making vocational training more effective at improving youth employment outcomes
Youth unemployment remains a significant challenge in India, with large-scale public skilling programmes achieving limited success in improving labour-market outcomes. This article explains the approa...
Evan Borkum
Irina Cheban
Edith Felix
16 July, 2025
- Articles
Clearing the air: Do India’s crop burning bans really work?
In December 2015, the National Green Tribunal instituted a ban on crop residue burning across five states. Utilising satellite data on crop fires and administrative data on fines levied, this article ...
Shefali Khanna
Kanika Mahajan
Sudarshan Ramanujam
14 July, 2025
- Articles
How Atal Pension Yojana is helping Indians save for retirement
Government of India’s contributory pension scheme, Atal Pension Yojana, encourages citizens to save for retirement. This study finds that APY not only provides a basic pension, but also promotes bro...
Debasis Rooj
Reshmi Sengupta
11 July, 2025
- Articles
Yamuna River pollution: Problem of governance, not infrastructure
Despite decades of efforts to clean Delhi’s Yamuna, the river remains severely polluted. In this post, Naina Sharma contends that the situation is reflective of gaps in governance, rather than techn...
Naina Sharma
08 July, 2025
- Perspectives
Trends in India’s regional export diversification
The recent disruptions in global trade point to the emergence of a ‘new normal’, where flows of goods are vulnerable to factors such as conflicts, uncertain tariffs, and export restrictions. In th...
Sharmila Kantha
04 July, 2025
- Perspectives
Most Popular
Unique Health Identification and Aadhaar: A case for mandatory linkage
As part of the Digital India initiative, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) issues a Unique Health Identification (UHID) number to each patient, which documents their entire journey in th...
Mudit Kapoor
23 December, 2016
- Perspectives
Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: An update
Building on past research, Saswata Ghosh and Pallabi Das estimate the state- and district-level fertility differentials between Hindus and Muslims using data from the latest round of the NFHS. They sh...
Pallabi Das
Saswata Ghosh
18 April, 2023
- Articles
Land in India: Market price vs. fundamental value
The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Bill, 2015, is focused on protecting the few home buyers who can afford to buy homes but does not address the issue of high land prices, which is a very se...
Gurbachan Singh
29 February, 2016
- Articles
Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: District-level estimates from Census 2011
The 2011 Indian Census data show a higher growth rate of Muslim population compared to the Hindu population. This article provides an in-depth picture of Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials at the di...
Saswata Ghosh
27 March, 2019
- Articles
Land records and titles in India
Land ownership is broadly determined by access to a land title, which protects the rights of the title-holder, and impacts livelihoods, and industrial, economic, and social growth. However, land title...
Prachee Mishra
Roopal Suhag
20 November, 2017
- Perspectives
Symposia
International Women’s Day 2025: Towards equality and empowerment
Throughout this week, I4I has been sharing some of the latest evidence and ideas around women’s empowerment to mark International Women’s Day 2025. Discover the five-part series, and more about I4...
I4I Team
08 March, 2025
Introduction to e-Symposium: Tiger conservation in India
Despite a recent upward trend in tiger populations in India, the tiger remains on the endangered species list. Saving the tiger, therefore, is not a fait accompli but a continuous struggle that must b...
Parikshit Ghosh
31 July, 2024
Ideas@IPF2024 series: Research from NCAER’s India Policy Forum
Every year, National Council of Applied Economic Research hosts the India Policy Forum, a platform where economists and policymakers dissect research ideas for their relevance to public policy. Follo...
Pradip Kumar Bagchi
10 July, 2024
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Agriculture Show this topicHide this topic
Why India's plan to sell rice for ethanol undermines food and water security
In a recent policy shift with regard to India’s Ethanol Blended Petrol Programme, excess rice stocks of the Food Corporation of India are being made available for ethanol production at a reduced res...
Akanksha Jain
30 June, 2025
- Perspectives
Internal migration and spatial reorganisation of agriculture
Olivier Deschenes
Raahil Madhok
Mushfiq Mobarak
Frederik Noack
18 June, 2025
- Articles
Sowing sunshine: Can agriphotovoltaics offer a path to doubling farmers’ income?
Bidisha Banerjee
Subhodeep Basu
Soham Roy
16 June, 2025
- Perspectives
Information is power: ICT and agricultural productivity
Aranya Chakraborty
Digvijay S. Negi
Rahul Rao
07 April, 2025
- Articles
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Macroeconomics Show this topicHide this topic
Why next-generation economic reforms are crucial for reviving investment
While corporate profitability and banks' lending ability have been on the rise for some time, corporate investment remains sluggish. In this post, Gupta and Sachdeva argue that investment levels of In...
Shishir Gupta
Rishita Sachdeva
11 April, 2025
- Articles
Union Budget 2025-26: Many small measures but lacks big ideas
Rajeswari Sengupta
05 February, 2025
- Perspectives
High public debt in India: 9 stylised facts
Prachi Mishra
Nikhil Patel
20 December, 2024
- Perspectives
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Human Development Show this topicHide this topic
Making vocational training more effective at improving youth employment outcomes
Youth unemployment remains a significant challenge in India, with large-scale public skilling programmes achieving limited success in improving labour-market outcomes. This article explains the approa...
Evan Borkum
Irina Cheban
Edith Felix
16 July, 2025
- Articles
India’s primary healthcare reform: Improved service delivery, reduced mortality
Patrick Agte
Jitendra Kumar Soni
28 May, 2025
- Articles
Youth’s digital readiness in rural India
Shweta Bhutada
Deepak Kumar
08 May, 2025
- Notes from the Field
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Social Identity Show this topicHide this topic
Tuning into empowerment: How community radio affects gender equality
India’s Community Radio Policy, 2006, enables educational institutions and NGOs to establish community radio stations to address local development issues via locally produced content. This article s...
Felix Rusche
23 June, 2025
- Articles
Raising the value of women’s time for a transition to clean fuels
Farzana Afridi
04 June, 2025
- Articles
Girls in tech: Evaluating IIT’s Supernumerary Seats Scheme
Nandana Sengupta
Swati Sharma
21 May, 2025
- Articles
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Governance Show this topicHide this topic
Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
Maitreesh Ghatak
Karthik Muralidharan
05 May, 2025
- Videos
Decentralisation and spatial (mis)allocation of irrigation water
Sabyasachi Das
Souvik Dutta
14 February, 2025
- Articles
The influence of local politicians in the private education market
Muneer Kalliylil
Soham Sahoo
07 February, 2025
- Articles
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Poverty & Inequality Show this topicHide this topic
What broad lessons have we learned from 115 studies on unconditional cash transfers?
Globally, around 700 million people currently live in extreme poverty, and in recent years, unconditional cash transfers have emerged as a popular tool for poverty alleviation in low- and middle-incom...
Tommaso Crosta
Dean Karlan
Finley Ong
Julius Ruschenpohler
Christopher Udry
20 June, 2025
- Articles
Food deprivation: A thali index reveals what poverty estimates do not
Pulapre Balakrishnan
Aman Raj
06 June, 2025
- Perspectives
Could better jobs for men have improved gender equality?
Sujata Balasubramanian
25 April, 2025
- Articles
Do minimum wages reduce inequality in India?
Saloni Khurana
Kanika Mahajan
Kunal Sen
19 February, 2025
- Articles
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Environment Show this topicHide this topic
Clearing the air: Do India’s crop burning bans really work?
In December 2015, the National Green Tribunal instituted a ban on crop residue burning across five states. Utilising satellite data on crop fires and administrative data on fines levied, this article ...
Shefali Khanna
Kanika Mahajan
Sudarshan Ramanujam
14 July, 2025
- Articles
Yamuna River pollution: Problem of governance, not infrastructure
Naina Sharma
08 July, 2025
- Perspectives
Climate Change: An unfolding public health crisis
Rakesh Chandra
Abhijit Sen Gupta
Edith Zheng
02 June, 2025
- Articles
Addressing water scarcity in Maharashtra: Need for a policy shift
Vinay Sankar
Sachin Tiwale
19 May, 2025
- Perspectives
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Money & Finance Show this topicHide this topic
How Atal Pension Yojana is helping Indians save for retirement
Government of India’s contributory pension scheme, Atal Pension Yojana, encourages citizens to save for retirement. This study finds that APY not only provides a basic pension, but also promotes bro...
Debasis Rooj
Reshmi Sengupta
11 July, 2025
- Articles
How financial stress impacts consumer confidence
Anurag Banerjee
Debasis Rooj
Reshmi Sengupta
15 May, 2025
- Articles
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Productivity & Innovation Show this topicHide this topic
Global software piracy: Does US Special 301 pressure matter?
Section 301 of the US Trade Act seeks to combat global software piracy, with non-compliance by partner countries potentially leading to trade sanctions. Examining data from 1994-2017 involving 83 coun...
Sunil Kanwar
10 June, 2025
- Articles
Manufacturing share in GDP: Comparing India with China and South Korea
Bishwanath Goldar
26 May, 2025
- Perspectives
Wartime mobilisation and economic development in India
Aneesha Parvathaneni
Dean Yang
03 April, 2025
- Articles
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Urbanisation Show this topicHide this topic
Street vending: Understanding emotional markups and market interactions
Despite the ubiquity of street vending in urban landscapes and its significance as a livelihood choice among the poor, it is challenging to collect comprehensive data on vendors – especially childre...
Ronak Jain
28 October, 2024
- Articles
What are the effects of India’s rapid urbanisation on women’s empowerment?
Gaurav Dhamija
Punarjit Roychowdhury
Binay Shankar
28 March, 2024
- Articles
Why is land expensive in India, and what can be done about it?
Gurbachan Singh
29 February, 2024
- Perspectives
Evidence of illegal fuel use by auto rickshaws in Kolkata
Satyaki Sensarma
21 February, 2023
- Articles
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Trade Show this topicHide this topic
Trends in India’s regional export diversification
The recent disruptions in global trade point to the emergence of a ‘new normal’, where flows of goods are vulnerable to factors such as conflicts, uncertain tariffs, and export restrictions. In th...
Sharmila Kantha
04 July, 2025
- Perspectives
How firms adapt supply chains to climate risk
Juanma Castro-Vincenzi
Gaurav Khanna
Nicolas Morales
Nitya Pandalai-Nayar
03 February, 2025
- Articles
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Miscellany Show this topicHide this topic
Policy Roundup: 50 years post Emergency, forest rights, ethanol policy
This post presents our monthly curation of developments in the policy landscape – highlighting I4I content pertaining to coercive sterilisation of males during India’s period of Emergency; challen...
Nalini Gulati
02 July, 2025
- Perspectives