16 July, 2025Clearing the air: Do India’s crop burning bans really work?
In December 2015, the National Green Tribunal instituted a ban on crop residue burning across five states. Utilising satellite data on crop fires and administrative data on fines levied, this article ...
Shefali Khanna Kanika Mahajan Sudarshan Ramanujam 
14 July, 2025
- Articles
How Atal Pension Yojana is helping Indians save for retirement
Government of India’s contributory pension scheme, Atal Pension Yojana, encourages citizens to save for retirement. This study finds that APY not only provides a basic pension, but also promotes bro...
- Debasis Rooj Reshmi Sengupta
- 11 July, 2025
- Articles
Trends in India’s regional export diversification
The recent disruptions in global trade point to the emergence of a ‘new normal’, where flows of goods are vulnerable to factors such as conflicts, uncertain tariffs, and export restrictions. In th...
- Sharmila Kantha
- 04 July, 2025
- Perspectives
Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
- Maitreesh Ghatak Karthik Muralidharan
- 05 May, 2025
- Videos
Tracking learning outcomes: ASER’s work through the pandemic
With the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic and the associated lockdowns, schools quickly pivoted to online learning. However, there was limited information about whether children had access to learning m...
- Rukmini Banerji Wilima Wadhwa
- 31 October, 2022
- Videos
The growing wave of decentralisation: Comparative evidence from developing countries
Over the last few decades, decentralisation has been rapidly spreading in developing countries across the world, with around 35 countries announcing new or deepening decentralisation reforms in recent...
- Jean-Paul Faguet Lakshmi Iyer Sarmistha Pal
- 16 November, 2023
- Videos
Latest
Making vocational training more effective at improving youth employment outcomes
Youth unemployment remains a significant challenge in India, with large-scale public skilling programmes achieving limited success in improving labour-market outcomes. This article explains the approa...
- Evan Borkum Irina Cheban Edith Felix
- 16 July, 2025
- Articles
Clearing the air: Do India’s crop burning bans really work?
In December 2015, the National Green Tribunal instituted a ban on crop residue burning across five states. Utilising satellite data on crop fires and administrative data on fines levied, this article ...
- Shefali Khanna Kanika Mahajan Sudarshan Ramanujam
- 14 July, 2025
- Articles
How Atal Pension Yojana is helping Indians save for retirement
Government of India’s contributory pension scheme, Atal Pension Yojana, encourages citizens to save for retirement. This study finds that APY not only provides a basic pension, but also promotes bro...
- Debasis Rooj Reshmi Sengupta
- 11 July, 2025
- Articles
Yamuna River pollution: Problem of governance, not infrastructure
Despite decades of efforts to clean Delhi’s Yamuna, the river remains severely polluted. In this post, Naina Sharma contends that the situation is reflective of gaps in governance, rather than techn...
- Naina Sharma
- 08 July, 2025
- Perspectives
Trends in India’s regional export diversification
The recent disruptions in global trade point to the emergence of a ‘new normal’, where flows of goods are vulnerable to factors such as conflicts, uncertain tariffs, and export restrictions. In th...
- Sharmila Kantha
- 04 July, 2025
- Perspectives
Most Popular
Unique Health Identification and Aadhaar: A case for mandatory linkage
As part of the Digital India initiative, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) issues a Unique Health Identification (UHID) number to each patient, which documents their entire journey in th...
- Mudit Kapoor
- 23 December, 2016
- Perspectives
Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: An update
Building on past research, Saswata Ghosh and Pallabi Das estimate the state- and district-level fertility differentials between Hindus and Muslims using data from the latest round of the NFHS. They sh...
- Pallabi Das Saswata Ghosh
- 18 April, 2023
- Articles
Land in India: Market price vs. fundamental value
The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Bill, 2015, is focused on protecting the few home buyers who can afford to buy homes but does not address the issue of high land prices, which is a very se...
- Gurbachan Singh
- 29 February, 2016
- Articles
Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: District-level estimates from Census 2011
The 2011 Indian Census data show a higher growth rate of Muslim population compared to the Hindu population. This article provides an in-depth picture of Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials at the di...
- Saswata Ghosh
- 27 March, 2019
- Articles
Land records and titles in India
Land ownership is broadly determined by access to a land title, which protects the rights of the title-holder, and impacts livelihoods, and industrial, economic, and social growth. However, land title...
- Prachee Mishra Roopal Suhag
- 20 November, 2017
- Perspectives
Symposia
International Women’s Day 2025: Towards equality and empowerment
Throughout this week, I4I has been sharing some of the latest evidence and ideas around women’s empowerment to mark International Women’s Day 2025. Discover the five-part series, and more about I4...
- I4I Team
- 08 March, 2025
Introduction to e-Symposium: Tiger conservation in India
Despite a recent upward trend in tiger populations in India, the tiger remains on the endangered species list. Saving the tiger, therefore, is not a fait accompli but a continuous struggle that must b...
- Parikshit Ghosh
- 31 July, 2024
Ideas@IPF2024 series: Research from NCAER’s India Policy Forum
Every year, National Council of Applied Economic Research hosts the India Policy Forum, a platform where economists and policymakers dissect research ideas for their relevance to public policy. Follo...
- Pradip Kumar Bagchi
- 10 July, 2024
Browse By Topic
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Agriculture Show this topicHide this topic
Why India's plan to sell rice for ethanol undermines food and water security
In a recent policy shift with regard to India’s Ethanol Blended Petrol Programme, excess rice stocks of the Food Corporation of India are being made available for ethanol production at a reduced res...
- Akanksha Jain
- 30 June, 2025
- Perspectives
Internal migration and spatial reorganisation of agriculture
- Olivier Deschenes Raahil Madhok Mushfiq Mobarak Frederik Noack
- 18 June, 2025
- Articles
Sowing sunshine: Can agriphotovoltaics offer a path to doubling farmers’ income?
- Bidisha Banerjee Subhodeep Basu Soham Roy
- 16 June, 2025
- Perspectives
Information is power: ICT and agricultural productivity
- Aranya Chakraborty Digvijay S. Negi Rahul Rao
- 07 April, 2025
- Articles
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Macroeconomics Show this topicHide this topic
Why next-generation economic reforms are crucial for reviving investment
While corporate profitability and banks' lending ability have been on the rise for some time, corporate investment remains sluggish. In this post, Gupta and Sachdeva argue that investment levels of In...
- Shishir Gupta Rishita Sachdeva
- 11 April, 2025
- Articles
Union Budget 2025-26: Many small measures but lacks big ideas
- Rajeswari Sengupta
- 05 February, 2025
- Perspectives
High public debt in India: 9 stylised facts
- Prachi Mishra Nikhil Patel
- 20 December, 2024
- Perspectives
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Human Development Show this topicHide this topic
Making vocational training more effective at improving youth employment outcomes
Youth unemployment remains a significant challenge in India, with large-scale public skilling programmes achieving limited success in improving labour-market outcomes. This article explains the approa...
- Evan Borkum Irina Cheban Edith Felix
- 16 July, 2025
- Articles
India’s primary healthcare reform: Improved service delivery, reduced mortality
- Patrick Agte Jitendra Kumar Soni
- 28 May, 2025
- Articles
Youth’s digital readiness in rural India
- Shweta Bhutada Deepak Kumar
- 08 May, 2025
- Notes from the Field
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Social Identity Show this topicHide this topic
Tuning into empowerment: How community radio affects gender equality
India’s Community Radio Policy, 2006, enables educational institutions and NGOs to establish community radio stations to address local development issues via locally produced content. This article s...
- Felix Rusche
- 23 June, 2025
- Articles
Raising the value of women’s time for a transition to clean fuels
- Farzana Afridi
- 04 June, 2025
- Articles
Girls in tech: Evaluating IIT’s Supernumerary Seats Scheme
- Nandana Sengupta Swati Sharma
- 21 May, 2025
- Articles
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Governance Show this topicHide this topic
Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
- Maitreesh Ghatak Karthik Muralidharan
- 05 May, 2025
- Videos
Decentralisation and spatial (mis)allocation of irrigation water
- Sabyasachi Das Souvik Dutta
- 14 February, 2025
- Articles
The influence of local politicians in the private education market
- Muneer Kalliylil Soham Sahoo
- 07 February, 2025
- Articles
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Poverty & Inequality Show this topicHide this topic
What broad lessons have we learned from 115 studies on unconditional cash transfers?
Globally, around 700 million people currently live in extreme poverty, and in recent years, unconditional cash transfers have emerged as a popular tool for poverty alleviation in low- and middle-incom...
- Tommaso Crosta Dean Karlan Finley Ong Julius Ruschenpohler Christopher Udry
- 20 June, 2025
- Articles
Food deprivation: A thali index reveals what poverty estimates do not
- Pulapre Balakrishnan Aman Raj
- 06 June, 2025
- Perspectives
Could better jobs for men have improved gender equality?
- Sujata Balasubramanian
- 25 April, 2025
- Articles
Do minimum wages reduce inequality in India?
- Saloni Khurana Kanika Mahajan Kunal Sen
- 19 February, 2025
- Articles
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Environment Show this topicHide this topic
Clearing the air: Do India’s crop burning bans really work?
In December 2015, the National Green Tribunal instituted a ban on crop residue burning across five states. Utilising satellite data on crop fires and administrative data on fines levied, this article ...
- Shefali Khanna Kanika Mahajan Sudarshan Ramanujam
- 14 July, 2025
- Articles
Yamuna River pollution: Problem of governance, not infrastructure
- Naina Sharma
- 08 July, 2025
- Perspectives
Climate Change: An unfolding public health crisis
- Rakesh Chandra Abhijit Sen Gupta Edith Zheng
- 02 June, 2025
- Articles
Addressing water scarcity in Maharashtra: Need for a policy shift
- Vinay Sankar Sachin Tiwale
- 19 May, 2025
- Perspectives
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Money & Finance Show this topicHide this topic
How Atal Pension Yojana is helping Indians save for retirement
Government of India’s contributory pension scheme, Atal Pension Yojana, encourages citizens to save for retirement. This study finds that APY not only provides a basic pension, but also promotes bro...
- Debasis Rooj Reshmi Sengupta
- 11 July, 2025
- Articles
How financial stress impacts consumer confidence
- Anurag Banerjee Debasis Rooj Reshmi Sengupta
- 15 May, 2025
- Articles
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Productivity & Innovation Show this topicHide this topic
Global software piracy: Does US Special 301 pressure matter?
Section 301 of the US Trade Act seeks to combat global software piracy, with non-compliance by partner countries potentially leading to trade sanctions. Examining data from 1994-2017 involving 83 coun...
- Sunil Kanwar
- 10 June, 2025
- Articles
Manufacturing share in GDP: Comparing India with China and South Korea
- Bishwanath Goldar
- 26 May, 2025
- Perspectives
Wartime mobilisation and economic development in India
- Aneesha Parvathaneni Dean Yang
- 03 April, 2025
- Articles
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Urbanisation Show this topicHide this topic
Street vending: Understanding emotional markups and market interactions
Despite the ubiquity of street vending in urban landscapes and its significance as a livelihood choice among the poor, it is challenging to collect comprehensive data on vendors – especially childre...
- Ronak Jain
- 28 October, 2024
- Articles
What are the effects of India’s rapid urbanisation on women’s empowerment?
- Gaurav Dhamija Punarjit Roychowdhury Binay Shankar
- 28 March, 2024
- Articles
Why is land expensive in India, and what can be done about it?
- Gurbachan Singh
- 29 February, 2024
- Perspectives
Evidence of illegal fuel use by auto rickshaws in Kolkata
- Satyaki Sensarma
- 21 February, 2023
- Articles
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Trade Show this topicHide this topic
Trends in India’s regional export diversification
The recent disruptions in global trade point to the emergence of a ‘new normal’, where flows of goods are vulnerable to factors such as conflicts, uncertain tariffs, and export restrictions. In th...
- Sharmila Kantha
- 04 July, 2025
- Perspectives
How firms adapt supply chains to climate risk
- Juanma Castro-Vincenzi Gaurav Khanna Nicolas Morales Nitya Pandalai-Nayar
- 03 February, 2025
- Articles
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Miscellany Show this topicHide this topic
Policy Roundup: 50 years post Emergency, forest rights, ethanol policy
This post presents our monthly curation of developments in the policy landscape – highlighting I4I content pertaining to coercive sterilisation of males during India’s period of Emergency; challen...
- Nalini Gulati
- 02 July, 2025
- Perspectives
