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Red flags in EU’s green trade policies

The approach to aligning trade practices with sustainability has shifted from soft commitments to mandatory regulations and standards. In this post, Abrol and Singh reflect on how two such policies – the EU Deforestation Regulation and the corporate sustainability due diligence directive – may a...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Trade
Year: 2024

Is digitalisation a double-edged sword for workers in India's public healthcare system?

While technology is often celebrated as a solution to healthcare inefficiencies, its impact on India’s Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) tells a more complex story. Drawing on qualitative research conducted across four states, this note examines the uneven experiences of digitalisation am...

  • Notes from the Field

Content Type: Notes from the Field
Topic: Productivity & Innovation
Year: 2024

Mind matters: How destigmatisation drives help-seeking in Nepal

Common mental health problems such as anxiety and depression constitute a significant public health challenge, with stigma being a key barrier to seeking proper care. Based on a study in Nepal, the article shows that low-cost, well-targeted interventions such as information campaigns or celebrity en...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Social Identity
Year: 2024

How immigration policy uncertainty affects labour markets

President Trump’s re-election has reignited debate over H-1B visa policies, a temporary high-skill work visa programme wherein 70% of visas are held by Indians. Analysing jobs data from India from the period around Trump’s first victory in 2016, this article finds that increased uncertainty arou...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Governance
Year: 2024

Powering progress: How reliable community electrification boosts women’s autonomy

While there has been significant progress in expanding access to grid electricity in India, the reliability of electricity remains a concern. Based on five national-level datasets spanning over a period of almost two decades., this article shows that improved reliability of electricity at the commun...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2025

Does industrial water pollution harm agricultural production?

While toxic foam regularly appears on lakes and rivers in major Indian cities, water pollution has not received as much attention as air pollution. Examining the impact of industrial water pollution on agriculture, this article demonstrates that there is a large, sudden rise in pollutant concentrati...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Environment
Year: 2025

I4I's 2024 Highlights

In 2024, Ideas for India featured 196 research-based Articles, opinion-based Perspectives, and Notes From the Field, of which 57 were available in Hindi; hosted content from three conferences, and introduced two new content types. Some of the highlights are shared below.

  • Editors Corner

Content Type: Editors Corner
Topic: Miscellany
Year: 2024

High public debt in India: 9 stylised facts

The Covid-induced surge in public debt in India was unique compared to its own history, but also bigger and driven by different factors relative to the average emerging market economy. In this post, Mishra and Patel document nine stylised facts on the recent evolution of sovereign debt and fiscal de...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Macroeconomics
Year: 2024

Empowering daughters: How conditional cash transfers can shift cultural norms

During the last 30 years, Indian governments have implemented over 20 programmes that reward parents who have daughters and invest in them after birth. Yet, very little is known about these programmes’ effectiveness in reducing son preference and shifting cultural norms. Analysing the impact of a ...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2024

India’s poverty rate does not measure what you think it does

Like all national poverty rates, India’s poverty rate is interpreted as the share of the population that is poor in a given year. In this post, Merfeld and Morduch argue that, in practice, India’s poverty rate is better thought of as the approximate fraction of the year that households experienc...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Poverty & Inequality
Year: 2024

The economics of begging

Informal estimates suggest that 60% of the world’s population engages in giving to beggars. This article provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of begging as an economic activity. Based on observational and experimental surveys with real beggars and donors in Delhi, it presents various insi...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Poverty & Inequality
Year: 2024

Making sense of the 2024 Economics Nobel

The 2024 Nobel Prize in Economics has been awarded to Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson “for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity”. In this post, Pulapre Balakrishnan evaluates the econometric approach and representation of colonialism – as linked to institutions – in so...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Miscellany
Year: 2024