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Internal migration and spatial reorganisation of agriculture

While migrants and their urban destinations are extensively studied, less is known about how their departure transforms the rural economies they leave behind. Analysing Indian data, this article shows that migrant-sending households near cities reduce farm size and investment rather than replacing w...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Agriculture
Year: 2025

Sowing sunshine: Can agriphotovoltaics offer a path to doubling farmers’ income?

In recent years, the contribution of agriculture and allied sectors to economic output has declined, with farmers’ real incomes virtually stagnating. This article demonstrates that new ideas such as agriphotovoltaics, which combine solar power with crop cultivation, have the potential to boost far...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Agriculture
Year: 2025

The State within India’s corporate bond market

The value of gross issuances in India’s corporate bond market has grown by 150% over the past decade. In this post, Harsh Vardhan contends that while the market has become bigger, reforms are needed to make it deeper, more efficient, and balanced. Rather than being a neutral platform for capital a...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Money & Finance
Year: 2025

Global software piracy: Does US Special 301 pressure matter?

Section 301 of the US Trade Act seeks to combat global software piracy, with non-compliance by partner countries potentially leading to trade sanctions. Examining data from 1994-2017 involving 83 countries, this article shows that the process has no significant impact on international software pirac...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Productivity & Innovation
Year: 2025

Food deprivation: A thali index reveals what poverty estimates do not

Poverty in India is typically estimated based on a poverty line that identifies the purchasing power needed to satisfy the daily calorific intake deemed necessary. In this post, Balakrishnan and Raj measure the standard of living in terms of a ‘thali meal’. Based on the extent of food deprivatio...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Poverty & Inequality
Year: 2025

Raising the value of women’s time for a transition to clean fuels

A majority of women in rural India continue to use traditional fuels, adding to the time that they devote to domestic work. In this post, Farzana Afridi discusses findings from a survey in Madhya Pradesh, showing that switching to a clean fuel leads to time saving of about 20 minutes per day on aver...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2025

Climate Change: An unfolding public health crisis

Climate change is no longer merely an environmental issue; it is emerging as a profound threat to human health and well-being. In this post, Chandra, Sen Gupta, and Zheng discuss the diverse and complex pathways through which climate change affects health. They contend that by investing in infrastru...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Environment
Year: 2025

Policy Roundup: India-UK FTA, good monsoon, medium firms

This post presents our monthly curation of developments in the policy landscape – highlighting I4I content pertaining to the India-UK free trade agreement, predictions of an above-normal monsoon this year, and new initiatives by the government to support medium-sized enterprises.

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Miscellany
Year: 2025

India’s primary healthcare reform: Improved service delivery, reduced mortality

On average, a 60-year-old in India can expect to live for about 19 years, four years less than their counterparts in high-income countries – with the gap being partly driven by poor access to quality healthcare services. Based on data from Rajasthan, this article shows that adding a mid-level heal...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2025

Manufacturing share in GDP: Comparing India with China and South Korea

: It is commonly believed that Indian manufacturing performance is weak, as the sector has not been able to capture a large enough GDP share. Presenting a comparison of manufacturing share in gross domestic product in India, China and South Korea, Bishwanath Goldar argues that this can be explained ...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Productivity & Innovation
Year: 2025

India’s new FTAs: Strategic shift to developed economies

The recently concluded India-UK Free Trade Agreement is a part of a wider shift in India’s global economic strategy, which has involved a renewed focus on FTAs with developed countries. In this post, Sharmila Kantha contends that, in a changing global trade regime, India must tread with care to ba...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Trade
Year: 2025

Girls in tech: Evaluating IIT’s Supernumerary Seats Scheme

Introduced in 2018, the Supernumerary Seats Scheme seeks to improve gender ratios among undergraduate engineering students at IITs, which have historically been male dominated. This article shows that the initiative has been successful in getting more females into these elite institutions. Further, ...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Social Identity
Year: 2025